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Ending Hunger: A Path Forward

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The development community faces a critical juncture, with only five years remaining to fulfill the 2015 commitment to end hunger by 2030. Currently, a staggering 733 million people – one in eleven individuals globally – suffer from hunger (FAO et al., 2024). If current trends persist, hunger levels in 2030 are projected to exceed those of 2015, the year the world pledged to eradicate hunger under the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Despite economic recovery in many nations, current projections indicate that hunger levels will barely return to pre-COVID-19 levels by 2030, signifying a significant setback in progress.

Recent global shocks and immediate drivers of hunger and malnutrition have exacerbated pre-existing structural challenges, intensifying the current hunger crisis. Key drivers include economic shocks and downturns, ongoing conflicts, and the increasing frequency and severity of climate variability and extreme weather events. Economic vulnerabilities, particularly in countries with high food import dependency, are amplified by global price fluctuations. Furthermore, climate-related impacts, such as the record-breaking temperatures and severe flooding witnessed in 2023, have significantly disrupted food production and availability, deepening the food crises in affected regions (FAO et al., 2024).

A world without hunger is attainable. Global food production per capita continues to increase annually. The primary challenge lies not in insufficient global food production, but rather in the significant disparities between food production and consumption locations, coupled with the limited economic means of vulnerable populations to acquire adequate food. Effective strategies for ending hunger are well-established, and the necessary financial resources have been quantified. One approach is involving youths in agriculture, this can significantly contribute to ending hunger. Young people bring fresh perspectives, energy, and a willingness to adopt new technologies, leading to increased productivity and addressing the aging agricultural workforce. Youth involvement fosters entrepreneurship, creating jobs and economic opportunities, while also empowering them to contribute to increased food production and access, thereby improving food security.

Youths, often more technologically readily integrate technological advancements into agricultural practices. This includes utilizing precision agriculture technologies like GPS-guided tractors and drones, leveraging digital platforms for market access and e-commerce, employing data analytics for informed decision-making, and contributing to the development and implementation of innovative technologies such as AI-powered robots and blockchain. By embracing these technologies, young farmers can enhance productivity, efficiency, and profitability, ultimately contributing to increased food security and a more sustainable agricultural sector. However, addressing challenges such as limited access to resources, making agriculture more attractive, and providing quality education and training are crucial for successful youth engagement.

Another way to end hunger is through income- generation, especially among the agrifood systems. An income-generating approach, based on growth in productivity and incomes for the poorest and most vulnerable through value addition, is the most resilient, sustainable and lasting way end to end hunger (UNIDO, 2023): it combines expanding food production and providing the economic means for population to buy food; this is the most effective way to redistribute production and consumption to where it is needed most.

To effectively utilize value addition for increased food security and hunger eradication, the emphasize needs to be in the following key interventions. Firstly, substantial investments are crucial for enhancing farm productivity and incomes through agricultural research and development (R&D), robust extension services, farm mechanization, and the widespread adoption of information and communications technologies (ICTs) and digital tools. Secondly, significant investments are required for the construction and maintenance of vital infrastructure, including irrigation systems, reliable electricity, well-maintained rural roads, and adequate storage facilities to minimize post-harvest losses

While the role of value addition in agriculture is well-recognized, less explored is its potential to generate income for individuals affected by hunger and poverty through advancements in agrifood processing, distribution, and retail. Investing in agrifood processing, particularly by supporting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) within domestic and regional markets, has proven highly effective. Agrifood processing offers a multifaceted approach: expanding opportunities for producers, bolstering food security, and driving the overall transformation of the food system. Specifically, it mitigates post-harvest losses of nutritious foods through optimized handling, improved packaging, and enhanced cold storage. Concurrently, it enhances food safety by implementing both basic food preservation techniques (e.g., drying, fermentation) and advanced industrial processes (e.g., pasteurization, food fortification)

The successful implementation of the aforementioned investments and technology adoption hinges upon innovative and equitable financial solutions that enable scaling. A significant challenge within the agrifood sector is the limited access to finance, particularly for the ‘missing middle’ – small-scale producers and agrifood SMEs seeking loans. This segment plays a crucial role in driving productivity growth and poverty reduction. To address this, several innovative financing solutions are gaining traction: (i) factoring, (ii) supply chain finance/reverse factoring, (iii) outcome financing, (iv) real estate investment trusts, (v) priority sector lending (PSL), (vi) asset monetization, and (vii) guarantees. These solutions emphasize fostering strong, trust-based relationships among farmers, SMEs, buyers, traders, and wholesalers. However, the success of all these solutions necessitates increased participation from both domestic governments and investors.

Finally, to ensure that the additional income generated through value addition benefits small-scale producers and agrifood SMEs, effective trade and competition policies, coupled with robust regional integration, are paramount. This necessitates reforming detrimental trade policies, facilitating trade processes, and enhancing the enforcement of competition laws and policies by regulatory bodies

 

Ending hunger necessitates prioritizing income generation for those experiencing hunger and poverty through localized value addition within the agrifood sector. This value addition strategy must be founded on resilience, sustainability, and long-term impact for effective hunger eradication. The success of this income-generating approach hinges on the coordinated international implementation and financing of all the aforementioned interventions. Only an integrated, strategically sequenced, and adequately financed approach can achieve the eradication of hunger.

 

Nixon Mageka Gecheo is Senior Digital Officer AGRA

Empowering Africa’s Agricultural Transformation: Insights from Marc Bertin Gansonré

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At a critical juncture for Africa’s agricultural future, leaders gathered in Kampala, Uganda, to chart the course for the next decade of agricultural transformation. Among the key contributors was Marc Bertin Gansonré, a producer, parliamentarian, and member of the Africa Food Systems Parliamentary Network (AFSPaN). Here, he reflects on the summit’s outcomes and shares his vision for the continent’s food systems.

A Summit for Change: Context and Objectives

The Kampala summit marked the culmination of Africa’s efforts under the Malabo Declaration and the transition to the post-Malabo strategy (2026-2035). Launched in 2003 with the Maputo Declaration and renewed in 2014, the Comprehensive African Agricultural Development Programme (CAADP) has already made strides in boosting agricultural GDP, increasing investments, and reducing poverty. As Marc Bertin Gansonré notes, “The goal was to evaluate the progress and define a roadmap to ensure Africa’s agricultural systems can thrive and sustain its citizens by 2063.”

The new framework seeks to promote sustainable agro-food systems and mobilize long-term internal financing mechanisms to reduce reliance on external support. “The shift is essential for Africa to achieve true sovereignty and resilience in its agricultural sector,” Gansonré adds.

 

Participatory Collaboration: A New Dynamic

Reflecting on his participation, Gansonré praised the inclusive approach of the summit. “For the first time, voices from civil society and parliamentarians were actively incorporated,” he shares. This inclusivity enriches the dialogue and ensures a broader perspective on tackling hunger and food insecurity.

He highlighted the Ugandan president’s call to action, urging a paradigm shift that integrates all layers of society in transforming agriculture. “Transforming agricultural products and ensuring fair representation for all demographics is paramount to our success,” says Gansonré.

Challenges and Unfinished Business

Despite the summit’s achievements, Gansonré acknowledges the need for more tangible outcomes. “While the leaders’ commitment is commendable, concrete solutions remain elusive,” he observes. He advocates for the development of long-term financing mechanisms and enhanced collaboration among African nations to build resilient agricultural systems.

“We must collectively focus on sharing experiences, embracing technological advancements, and ensuring policies are grounded in the realities of each country,” he emphasizes.

The Role of Burkina Faso: A Model of Commitment

Gansonré’s passion for agricultural transformation is evident in his praise for Burkina Faso’s efforts. “In just two years, Burkina Faso has significantly increased its investment in agriculture, setting an example for the continent,” he states. He believes that scaling such commitments across Africa could drastically reduce hunger and enhance food security.

Looking Forward: A Call to Action

As the summit concluded, Gansonré remained optimistic about Africa’s agricultural future. “The world is a global village, and unity is our strength,” he asserts. He calls on stakeholders to prioritize food security and invest in agricultural innovations, ensuring a sustainable and inclusive future for all Africans.

A Shared Vision for Africa’s Agriculture

This summit highlighted the urgency of transforming Africa’s agricultural sector to meet the challenges of the 21st century. Gansonré’s reflections serve as a reminder that success hinges on collaboration, innovation, and a steadfast commitment to empowering the continent’s smallholder farmers—the true heroes of Africa’s agricultural transformation.

Marc Bertin Gansonré is a well-known producer and active figure in rural development in Burkina Faso. He currently serves as a Member of Parliament in the Transitional Legislative Assembly (ALT) and is an active member of the Africa Food Systems Parliamentary Network (AFSPaN).

Meet Lyna: From a Smallholder Farmer to Chairlady of an Aggregation Cooperative

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After two hours of driving under the scorching sun in Kitui Rural, we finally arrived at the Kamantho Farmers Marketing Cooperative Society warehouse, the only aggregation store in the region, located in the heart of the village market. Initially established as a self-help group in 2020 and later registered as a Community-Based Organisation (CBO), the Cooperative now serves over 305 registered members and about 2500 non-members from Maleku, Kamantho, and Nthongoni locations.

Ms. Nzambia and an employee confirm the weight of a farmer’s produce at the Cooperative Premises

We were greeted at the Kamantho premises, an imposing building sitting on about one acre of land, by Lyna Judy Nzambia, the cooperative’s chairperson, and several of her committee members. Lyna, a wife, and mother of four, initially employed conventional practices that depleted soil health and fertility. Living in a semi-arid area plagued by the effects of climate change and water scarcity, she struggled to harvest more than two bags of green grams per acre. Faced with poor yields and creeping poverty, she was forced to sell her meager produce to brokers who often exploited her, leaving her in a worse situation.

However, a silver lining emerged in 2020 when the Cereal Growers Association (CGA), an implementing partner of the Strengthening Regenerative Agriculture in Kenya (STRAK) project, introduced regenerative agriculture to the area, challenging conventional norms. STRAK is a project of AGRA with funding from the IKEA Foundation. Lyna and her fellow farmers underwent training on regenerative agriculture practices that restore soil health, improve crop yields, and increase farmers’ income. They also received training on post-harvest handling, entrepreneurship, self-help groups, and aggregation of farm produce.

Regenerative agriculture transformed into a philosophy, reshaping the connection between the land and its stewards. Lyna, driven by a commitment that surpassed her fields and armed with knowledge in entrepreneurship, self-help groups, and aggregation, started an Agrovet shop and spearheaded the formation of the Kamantho Farmers Marketing Cooperative Society self-help group. She was elected the chair lady when they registered as a Community-Based Organisation (CBO). She not only focused on cultivating land regeneratively but also on collective marketing strategies to get their produce the best market and price.

The introduction of regenerative agriculture for the growth of certified seeds, drought-resistant crops such as pearl millet and white sorghum, as well as other value chains for livelihood resilience, marked the birth of a new era for Lyna and the members of the newly registered Kamantho cooperative. They immediately started deploying the new practices, and the community was pleasantly surprised by the results. Lyna reports seeing grain yields increase from two to six bags of green grams per acre. They went from getting a mere sh40 per kilo of green grams to sh100 for the same.

Soon after, the cooperative rented a small room at the marketplace, becoming a unified voice that negotiated fair prices for their harvest. However, the room soon proved too small for the growing collections from the three locations. Towards the end of 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the county government, recognizing the cooperative’s commitment and impact, partnered with other organizations to help them build a bigger storage facility on the unused community land in the heart of the village market. Yet, the cooperative faced skepticism from the villagers over the land.

Initially, they refused to allow the warehouse to be built, but through Lyna’s resilience coupled with the lobbying of the elders and the area chief, they eventually secured the one-acre plot for the warehouse with the support of the community. Non-members of the cooperative are paid upon delivery of produce, while members are paid after aggregation and a market has been found.

The impact of regenerative agriculture continues, and community development is profound. It has become a catalyst for economic growth, improved education, and enhanced living standards for the people of Kamantho. Children who had dropped out of school are back, and many of them are achieving grades that allow them to join universities and Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Colleges. Families are also building permanent houses and moving from their previous grass-thatched dwellings. Community members reported that households are happier and more stable.

“You no longer find women walking around wrapped in lesos around their waist looking desolate. They are looking sharp and happier than before, taking great care of their families, and many more want to join the cooperative as members,” stated Lyna.

Lyna’s story transcends higher yields; it’s a narrative of cultivating hope, restoring ecosystems, and fostering community resilience and unity. Her leadership exemplifies how embracing regenerative agriculture can be the cornerstone of sustainable and thriving communities, where the land and its people heal together. As we celebrate Lyna’s achievements, let her story inspire others to sow the seeds of positive change, one regenerative practice at a time.

AGRA Appoints Alice Ruhweza as next President

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Nairobi, 10th January 2025 – The Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) is proud to announce the appointment of Alice Ruhweza as its next President, effective March 1st, 2025. This appointment follows a thorough and comprehensive selection process in partnership with Spencer Stuart. The incoming president, Alice Ruhweza will succeed Dr. Agnes Kalibata, who has successfully led AGRA through two transformative terms.

Alice Ruhweza brings extensive expertise as a Global Thought leader, a Systems Thinker and International Development Expert.  Her 28-year career, working at the intersection of economic, social and environmental policy and practice, encompasses leadership and board roles in Government, the private sector, the United Nations, and major international NGOs. She joins us from the World Wide Fund for Nature where she has been a passionate advocate for, among other things, the critical role that inclusive agri-food systems play in combatting climate change, reversing environmental degradation, and delivering nutrition security and improved livelihoods for millions of Africans. Her leadership will be instrumental in driving AGRA’s mission to catalyze agricultural transformation and food security across Africa.

Quote from Board Chair:

‘’We are excited to welcome Alice Ruhweza as AGRA’s next President. Her extensive international experience and profound understanding of the African landscape equip her to navigate diverse cultures and drive collaboration across sectors. We believe she has what it takes to build on the solid foundation Dr. Agnes Kalibata established and developed. The Board is looking to her leadership to galvanize sector actors and foster a collaborative, results-oriented, and participatory culture that AGRA aspires to. As we face unprecedented challenges, her guidance will ensure that we remain a listening, engaging institution demonstrating progress and supporting countries in expediting their development,” said AGRA’s Board Chair, H.E. Hailemariam Dessalegn.

Quote from Outgoing President:

 “As I transition from my role as President of AGRA, I reflect with immense pride on our transformative journey over the past ten years. The support of the board, partners, and staff has been instrumental in building AGRA into a leading African institution with a strong set of transferable assets that it is deploying to achieve the results we celebrate today. AGRA is now in a strong position to meet the challenges ahead and the expectation to do more for small-holder farmers.  I am excited to pass the torch to Alice Ruhweza, whose leadership will drive us forward. I look forward to working with you all to support Alice and AGRA to achieve even greater heights. “ said Dr. Agnes Kalibata.

Quote from Incoming President:

“Agri- food systems are Africa’s biggest lever for economic growth, job creation, livelihood improvement and in addressing climate change. However, the agricultural sector is still at risk from economic volatility, geopolitical tensions, and other complex crises.

For Africa to achieve its goal of sustainable and resilient agri-food systems, the next five years demand urgency, ambition, and decisive action including bold investments in research and development, innovative technologies, inclusive, climate smart and environmental friendly farming practices, more comprehensive extension services and policy frameworks that are coherent and aligned.

I am honored to join AGRA at such a critical juncture as African leaders convene to adopt the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme, or CAADP, strategy and action plan for 2026-2035. I look forward to building on Dr. Agnes Kalibata’s achievements and collaborating with our partners, stakeholders, and the dedicated members of the AGRA Board and Staff to advance our shared vision of a food-secure Africa in service of small holder farmers.” – Alice Ruhweza

About AGRA

Established in 2006, AGRA is an African-led and Africa-based institution dedicated to placing smallholder farmers at the core of the continent’s burgeoning economy. AGRA’s mission is to transform agriculture from a mere struggle for survival into a thriving business. In collaboration with its partners, AGRA catalyzes and sustains an inclusive agricultural transformation aimed at increasing incomes and enhancing food security in 12 countries.

For media inquiries, please contact:

Aggie Konde

Director – Communications, External Engagement & Advocacy

akonde@agra.org

Ethiopia: Reflecting on Agricultural Transformation under CAADP

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A History of Commitment and Leadership

Ethiopia’s steadfast alignment with the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) underscores its unwavering commitment to fostering sustainable agricultural growth and ensuring food security for its population. This alignment is seamlessly integrated into national development strategies such as the Growth and Transformation Plans (GTP I & II) and the 10-Year National Development Plan, positioning Ethiopia as a pioneer in agricultural innovation and transformation (Ministry of Agriculture, 2024).

“These frameworks are more than policies; they represent Ethiopia’s steadfast commitment to creating a sustainable agricultural future,” remarks Mr. Zena Habtewold, Senior Adviser to the Ministry of Agriculture and CAADP Focal Person. Furthermore, Ethiopia’s alignment with the African Union’s Agenda 2063 solidifies its reputation as a leader in Africa’s agricultural renaissance, setting an exemplary model for other nations.

Progress, Lessons Learned, and Future Opportunities

Ethiopia, a land of rich agricultural traditions, has emerged as a pioneer in Africa’s agricultural transformation. Through the framework of CAADP—an ambitious initiative by the African Union—Ethiopia has achieved remarkable milestones while addressing complex challenges.

This article reflects on Ethiopia’s progress, lessons learned, and future opportunities, using insights from the 2024 Biennial Review Report to highlight how the nation aligns with CAADP’s six strategic goals.

 Achievements Aligned with CAADP’s Six Strategic Goals

  1. Increased Agricultural Productivity

Ethiopia’s Irrigated Wheat Program has transformed its agricultural landscape. In Adama, for instance, 35-year-old farmer Getahun Tadesse recounts how adopting large-scale irrigation doubled his wheat yield in just two seasons. Programs like this have reduced Ethiopia’s wheat import dependency by 35%, proving the nation’s capacity for innovation.
Yet, challenges remain. Smallholder farmers like Getahun still face barriers to accessing irrigation technology. According to the 4th Biennial Review Report, Ethiopia scored 5.89/10 in productivity signaling progress but also underscoring the need for inclusivity.

“The success of our wheat program shows Ethiopia’s ability to innovate and collaborate across sectors,” says Zena Habtewold, “Equitable growth demands integrating smallholder farmers into these initiatives.”

  1. Halving Poverty Through Agriculture

Ethiopia’s Coffee Sector Expansion Initiative planted 40 billion seedlings, transforming the livelihoods of over 15 million smallholder farmers. Among them is Alemnesh Bekele, a mother of three from Sidama, who used proceeds from her coffee harvest to build a permanent home.

Despite such success stories, rural poverty persists, especially in areas with limited market access. Targeted strategies are essential to empower farmers like Alemnesh to thrive in global markets. Indicators in the Biennial Review reflect mixed progress, emphasizing the need for stronger market linkages and financial inclusion.

  1. Tackling Hunger and Malnutrition

Initiatives like Lemat Trufat (Bounty of the Basket) have brought diverse foods to rural households, improving food security. For instance, in Borena, community leader Ahmed Abdella notes how introducing drought-resistant crops like sorghum has stabilized food supplies during lean seasons.

Despite a 6.1/10 score in hunger reduction, Ethiopia still struggles with malnutrition, especially in drought-prone regions. To address this, Ahmed suggests tailored interventions, including region-specific nutrition programs and social safety nets.

“Fighting malnutrition isn’t just about ensuring food availability. It’s about delivering the right resources to the right communities,” reflects Zena Habtewold.

  1. Building Resilient Food Systems

Through the Green Legacy Initiative, Ethiopia has planted over 25 billion trees, reclaiming degraded lands and promoting biodiversity. In Amhara, Mulugeta Tesfaye, a forestry technician, describes how tree planting has turned barren hills into lush forests, boosting the region’s climate resilience.

To sustain these achievements, Ethiopia must develop monitoring frameworks that measure long-term socio-economic and ecological impacts.

  1. Boosting Intra-African Trade

Ethiopia’s participation in the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) demonstrates its commitment to regional trade. However, logistical challenges persist. For example, Hirut Gebremariam, a farmer from Bale, struggles to transport her surplus produce due to poor road infrastructure.

In a success story from AfCFTA, Ethiopia recently exported coffee and livestock to Kenya and Djibouti, generating record revenues. These efforts underscore how regional trade can unlock opportunities for smallholder farmers.

“AfCFTA has the potential to revolutionize agriculture in Africa, and Ethiopia is at the forefront of this movement,” says Alemayehu Geda, a trade economist at Addis Ababa University.

  1. Strengthened Governance

Ethiopia has made strides in governance and accountability under CAADP. Initiatives to improve data systems and transparency are taking root, but challenges remain. Strengthening participatory policymaking and building robust data frameworks are critical for sustaining momentum.

“Strong governance is the backbone of agricultural transformation,” emphasizes Zena Habtewold. “Our next steps must prioritize building robust systems to track progress effectively.”

Lessons Learned

  • Inclusivity Drives Sustainability: Engaging women and youth, like Alemnesh and Ahmed, has proven transformative. Scaling these efforts requires tailored policies and sustained investment.
  • Innovation is Key: While digital tools have improved productivity, they remain inaccessible to many smallholders. Bridging this gap is crucial.
  • Policy Alignment Works: Ethiopia’s alignment with CAADP’s objectives demonstrates the power of collaboration and strategic planning.

Opportunities for Future Progress

  • Expand Digital Agriculture: Leverage affordable digital technologies to bridge productivity gaps in underserved areas. Programs like Digital Farming Solutions, piloted in Tigray, offer promising models for expanding smallholder access to precision agriculture tools.
  • Address Regional Disparities: Implement targeted interventions in marginalized regions to reduce poverty and malnutrition.
  • Strengthen Climate Resilience: Scale up climate-smart practices and expand reforestation initiatives to ensure sustainable agriculture.

Call to Action

As Ethiopia prepares for the 2025 CAADP Summit, the following priorities must take center stage:

  • Reaffirming Commitments: Deepen alignment with CAADP’s six strategic goals.
  • Investing in Innovation: Ensure smallholders access digital tools and climate-smart technologies.
  • Fostering Partnerships: Strengthen collaborations to accelerate progress and share knowledge.

Ethiopia’s journey under CAADP reflects the transformative power of inclusive and innovative agricultural practices. By addressing critical gaps—such as integrating smallholder farmers, improving infrastructure, and enhancing market access—Ethiopia can cement its role as a leader in Africa’s agricultural transformation. This is more than a story of progress; it is a vision for a food-secure and prosperous Africa, driven by resilience, innovation, and inclusivity.

Building Resilience in times of Climate Change

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By Kindie Fantaye, Head of Climate Resilience at AGRA

 The Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) region is home to over 270 million people, encompasses diverse landscapes ranging from semi-arid areas to fertile agricultural zones. This diversity, however, also means that the region is acutely vulnerable to climate events like El Niño and La Niña, which have increasingly severe impacts on our communities, economies, and food systems.

Climate Impacts on the IGAD Region

El Niño events often bring unseasonal rainfall and flooding, devastating farmlands, infrastructure, and entire communities. On the other hand, La Niña events tend to lead to prolonged droughts, water scarcity, crop failures, and livestock deaths. Both phenomena exacerbate food insecurity and economic hardship, disproportionately affecting rural populations, women, children, and smallholder farmers and herders who rely heavily on rain-fed production systems. As a result, millions in our region face food shortages, malnutrition, displacement, and loss of livelihoods. The economic toll is equally staggering, with agricultural losses directly impacting GDP and livelihoods, while further straining national budgets that are already stretched thin.

What Needs to Be Done

To address these challenges, immediate, coordinated actions at multiple levels are essential. National governments in the region must prioritize climate adaptation strategies, including strengthening early warning systems, promoting climate-resilient agricultural practices, and improving disaster response mechanisms.

In this space, the AGRA has increasingly recognized the critical need to support smallholders in adapting to and managing climate risks. To this end, AGRA has established a dedicated Climate Adaptation and Resilience Unit tasked with developing and implementing strategies to help farmers adapt to a rapidly changing climate and climate variability. This unit plays a pivotal role in coordinating AGRA’s efforts to empower smallholders with climate-smart resources, information, and tools.

One of AGRA’s primary initiatives is the delivery of climate advisories to smallholders. By providing timely, location-specific climate forecasts and agricultural advisories, AGRA ensures that farmers can make informed decisions about planting, harvesting, and managing crops and livestock resources. These advisories, often disseminated via mobile platforms, radio, and community-based networks, equip smallholders with actionable insights to mitigate the risks of extreme weather events, ultimately enhancing their resilience.

 Facilitating Agricultural Insurance

Facilitating agricultural insurance is another vital component of AGRA’s strategy. By working with financial institutions and insurance providers, AGRA helps make agricultural insurance more accessible and affordable for smallholders. Insurance products tailored to the needs of smallholders provide a safety net, enabling them to recover more quickly from climate shocks. This initiative is especially important in helping smallholders avoid the cycle of debt and loss that often follows adverse weather events.

Additionally, AGRA focuses on enhancing climate risk management at the farm level. Through training and support, AGRA promotes practices such as conservation agriculture, water management, and soil health improvement, which help farmers manage risks posed by erratic rainfall, drought, and other climate challenges. These practices not only increase resilience to climate shocks but also improve productivity and sustainability.

AGRA is also dedicated to building the resilience of smallholders by reducing asset depletion during consecutive climate shocks. By supporting diversified income streams, promoting access to credit, and enhancing food storage systems, AGRA helps farmers maintain and even strengthen their economic base through multiple climate events. This approach ensures that farmers can continue to support their households and maintain their agricultural activities even during periods of environmental stress. To scale these efforts, AGRA seeks to work with institutions like the IGAD Climate Prediction and Applications Centre (ICPAC), which plays a crucial role in providing accurate and timely climate information. ICPAC’s expertise in climate prediction can help AGRA, national governments, and communities anticipate these events, take preventive measures, and mitigate their impact on agriculture and food security.

As we move forward, it is clear that a holistic approach is needed. This includes promoting cross-sector partnerships, encouraging investment in sustainable agriculture, and ensuring that policy frameworks are responsive to the realities of climate-induced food insecurity. Together, we can strengthen the resilience of the IGAD region to El Niño and La Niña extreme events and climate change, protecting our communities, preserving livelihoods, and promoting sustainable food systems.By working together—governments, regional institutions, the private sector, civil society, and the international community—we can forge a resilient path forward for the IGAD region.

For a Climate-Resilient Food System, Africa must Invest in its Youth; COP29 must be the Revolutionary Moment

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by Dr. Jeremiah Rogito and Patrick Githinji

On November 11th, 2024, COP29 curtains opened in Baku, Azerbaijan. This date was unique not just because it  marked my 29th birthday but it is a crucial moment for decisions on climate action. For Africa, this conference matters deeply. With a massive youth population, Africa’s young people are already facing the harsh effects of climate change, like unpredictable weather and declining farm yields. COP29 offers a chance for leaders to support African youth in building a strong, sustainable future.

At COP29 in Baku, Africa’s youth have a resounding message: now is the time for urgent, meaningful investment in youth-led food systems transformation and climate action. From the Kigali Declaration on Youth, food systems and climate to the Generation Africa Youth Survey, the message is clear: African youth are not only ready but are actively driving the shift toward sustainable agriculture, climate resilience, and green job creation. However, to unlock their full potential, we need to act on the eleven key resolutions of the Kigali Declaration, particularly prioritizing increased climate finance for youth-led initiatives.

According to the African Youth Climate Hub, Africa’s youth are among the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change due to the continent’s high dependence on climate-sensitive sectors like agriculture. With over 60% of Africa’s population under the age of 25, the risks posed by climate change will disproportionately impact young people, affecting food security, economic opportunities, and health outcomes across the continent. Similarly, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has highlighted that Africa will face more frequent and severe climate impacts, including droughts, floods, and extreme heat, which are likely to disrupt livelihoods and particularly affect young Africans who are predominantly employed in agriculture and natural resource sectors.

The Generation Africa Youth Survey provides a view into the challenges and aspirations of over 500 young Africans from 32 countries. While 43% of these respondents identify as entrepreneurs, nearly half report facing systemic obstacles, from lack of access to funding to limited policy support. This survey posits that Africa’s youth possess the drive and vision, yet what they need most is access; access to resources, policy reform, and climate finance that will empower them to enact real change.

The Kigali Declaration’s call for increased climate finance aligns directly with the Generation Africa 2024 survey findings. Among the survey respondents, financial support was cited in nearly 300 instances as essential for green job growth. This call is echoed in the Declaration’s eleventh item, which calls for increased flow of climate action finance to mobilize public and private investments in carbon financing and climate-smart innovations. For African youth, climate finance is not an abstract concept; it is the difference between resilient, thriving agricultural systems and a future crippled by food insecurity.

As the famous swahili proverb goes Samaki mkunje angali mbichi (Bend the fish while it is still fresh.) The proverb reminds us that the best time to shape or address a situation is at its early stages. For COP29, this means that investing in youth-led initiatives now can prevent future crises and ensure resilience in Africa’s food systems. African youth are ready and willing to lead, but without timely support and resources, their potential remains untapped. Now is the critical moment to invest in the transformative ideas of Africa’s young leaders to ensure a sustainable, resilient food system for all.

Each of the eleven resolutions and recommendations in the Kigali Declaration on youth food systems and climate is a roadmap toward a climate resilient food system, with climate finance for youth at the forefront. The call for youth-centric food systems policies, enhanced access to resources for young farmers, and strengthened capacity-building programs are critical steps. Over 500 youths surveyed expressed a strong belief that green jobs are key to solving environmental challenges. Yet, 209 said they struggled to secure green jobs, and the majority believe that government support for youth is inadequate. In contrast, learning institutions are viewed as more supportive, yet they too need increased resources and funding to sustain this role.

At COP29, global leaders and stakeholders have an opportunity to support these young people by committing to the Kigali Declaration’s resolution and prioritizing climate finance for youth-led initiatives. Africa’s youth are not asking for charity; they are asking for a partnership in building driving food systems transformation. They are prepared to lead, innovate, and create solutions for a resilient food system if provided the right tools and financial backing.

This year’s COP must be a turning point, where we move from statements to actions, from promises to tangible investments in Africa’s youth. The Kigali Declaration on Youth food systems and climate and Generation Africa Youth Survey reveal that Africa’s youth are united, resilient, and ready to lead. It is now up to stakeholders; policymakers, financial institutions, and international bodies to rise to the occasion and back these young leaders with the resources they need. At COP29, let us commit to fulfilling the eleven resolutions, increasing climate finance for youth led initiatives, and empowering Africa’s youth to shape a future where food systems are resilient, economies are sustainable, and communities are protected against climate impacts. The solutions are here. It’s time to invest in them.

 

AGRA to Drive Call for Sustainable, Resilient Food Systems at COP29 in Baku with African Youth Leading the Charge

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Nairobi, Kenya, 14th November 2024 AGRA is proud to announce its participation in the UN Climate Change Conference – COP29, which is taking place in Baku, Azerbaijan, starting this week. Discussions around climate finance, resilience and adaptation are incomplete without the perspective and leadership of Africa’s youth; thus AGRA will bring forward the voices of seven African youth delegates, who will play a central role in advocating for the transformation of food systems across the continent and drawing on country and regional consultation processes over the past several months. These youth advocates, who represent a diverse range of sectors including agriculture, environmental activism, innovation, and policy, will present solutions-driven proposals and highlight the urgent need for an inclusive, equitable, and climate-resilient food system in Africa.

AGRA’s delegation will bring Africa’s unique climate challenges to global attention, highlighting the urgent need to fortify food systems across the continent. The young advocates part of the delegation will bring to the discussions how targeted adaptation financing can protect smallholder farmers who stand at the frontline of climate shocks. With Africa’s food systems facing extreme vulnerabilities, the importance of robust financial support to drive resilience is a key message that AGRA will champion in Baku.

Empowering Youth and Women Leadership for Climate and Food Security

In line with its commitment to an inclusive transformation, AGRA will highlight the powerful role of youth and women in advancing sustainable agricultural practices. These groups are essential in driving the innovation and solutions needed to meet Africa’s food security and climate goals. At COP29, AGRA will showcase youth and women led initiatives that are driving innovation in climate-smart agriculture, food security, and sustainable food production practices. These young leaders are working tirelessly to combat the effects of climate change, which has exacerbated food insecurity, land degradation, and water scarcity across the continent.

“We are excited to elevate the voices of African youth leaders and agriprenuers at COP29. Young people are already pioneering innovative solutions to transform Africa’s food systems and adapt to the impacts of climate change,” said Dr. Agnes Kalibata, President of AGRA.

“This is not just about their future; it is about their leadership today and the ideas, innovations, and energy they bring to shape priority decisions. Their inclusion in climate discussions is vital for creating a more equitable and sustainable food future for Africa.”

Youth-Led Solutions to Transform African Food Systems

At COP29, AGRA will also present the Kigali Youth Declaration on Food Systems, Policy and Climate Action 2024. This initiative emphasizes the vital role that African youth can play in revolutionizing the continent’s food systems through innovative practices and vibrant labor.

“The 2024 Youth Common Position paper highlights the current challenges and opportunities faced by youth in agriculture across various African countries. It also provides strategic recommendations to support their engagement and development,” said Dr. Jeremiah Rogito, Specialist in Food Systems and Land Use at AGRA.

The report draws on a comprehensive survey and a series of country and regional convenings conducted across 15 African countries, including Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Ethiopia, Malawi, Mozambique, Ghana, Nigeria, Togo, Mali, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, and Zambia. These engagements focused on understanding the dynamics of youth entrepreneurship ecosystems within the agricultural sector, particularly in the context of climate change.

“The 29th Conference of Parties to UNFCCC presents an opportunity for the international community and particularly Africa to design a climate finance mechanism that speaks to the very core of human existence which is food security.  COP 29 must deliver a robust grant based climate finance goal that support sustainable food systems through programmes such as Climate Friendly School Feeding Programme,” Dolphine Magero, founder, the Green Youth Climate Fund Initiative explained.

Building on the Commitments of COP28

AGRA will further push for tangible action on the commitments outlined in the COP28 UAE Declaration on Sustainable Agriculture, Resilient Food Systems, and Climate Action which was endorsed by 160 countries, focusing on the urgency required by all stakeholders to secure sustainable food supplies, improve nutrition, and strengthen resilience against climate impacts. At COP29, AGRA will urge governments, the private sector, and civil society to accelerate progress on these fronts, emphasizing the need for a united effort to achieve meaningful change for Africa’s agriculture sector.

About AGRA

For more information about AGRA’s participation at COP29, please contact: media@agra.org

Website: www.agra.org

World Without Hunger Conference in Ethiopia

Posted on by AGRA

At the margins of World Without Hunger Conference in Ethiopia, His Excellency Hailemariam Dessalegn, former Prime Minister of Ethiopia and AGRA Board Chair met with a delegation led by Matthias Berninger, EVP of Bayer Global. The meeting, held in Addis Ababa, was a platform for discussing innovative solutions and collaborative efforts to tackle the pressing challenges faced by smallholder farmers across the continent.

Matthias Berninger began by highlighting Bayer’s groundbreaking work on nitrogen-fixing seeds for crops such as corn, wheat, and rice. “The results, expected to be evaluated one year from now, are said to be encouragingly huge,” he noted. Berninger emphasized Bayer’s commitment to making these seeds accessible to meet the growing demand, underscoring the importance of gene-editing and modern breeding techniques in achieving high and sustainable agricultural productivity.

Berninger also pointed out the existing gap in the production of quality corn seeds and Bayer’s efforts to address this demand. He mentioned Bayer’s initiative on crop insurance, targeting 10 million smallholder farmers, as a crucial step in providing a safety net against adverse weather conditions and other risks. Reflecting on a recent meeting with the World Bank, Berninger highlighted MIGA’s current interest in agriculture, signaling potential collaborations.

Looking ahead, Berninger expressed interest in understanding AGRA’s vision for the next five years and inquired about any controversies that might affect future collaborations. He also shared concerns about the shift in AGRA’s leadership, assuming they should wait for the new leader’s guidance.

In response, His Excellency Hailemariam Dessalegn raised concerns about the impact of climate change on smallholder farmers. He proposed collaborative efforts between AGRA and Bayer to tackle these challenges using available technologies as shock absorbers. “Smallholder farmers must be included in assessments, decision-making, and implementation processes,” Dessalegn emphasized, highlighting the importance of their involvement for the success of agricultural initiatives.

Reiterating AGRA’s commitment to improving seed and crop quality, Dessalegn stressed the need for changing mindsets towards technology-based approaches for resilient and high-yielding crops. He acknowledged the political challenges that need to be addressed to embrace gene-editing and GMOs and underlined the necessity for robust studies and discussions led by African scientists and researchers.

Addressing Bayer’s concerns about controversies, Dessalegn assured that these mainly exist among donors and should not deter their efforts. He emphasized AGRA’s focus on state capacity building and advocating for best policies. Dessalegn explained AGRA’s holistic approach to the food system value chain, highlighting cooperation with the Global Climate Fund on food waste management from harvest to consumption.

Encouraging Bayer to actively engage with AGRA, Dessalegn affirmed that AGRA’s structured objectives and pillars remain steadfast despite leadership changes. “The upcoming president will still be from the sector,” he assured, promising that he and the Vice Presidents are committed to continuing discussions and engagements with Bayer. Dessalegn also offered his support in Bayer’s engagements across the continent, leveraging his capacity, networking, and experience.

The meeting concluded with several key takeaways and future actions. Both AGRA and Bayer reaffirmed their commitment to supporting smallholder farmers, acknowledging the climate-related challenges hindering their productivity. Bayer committed to equipping more researchers in Africa to advocate for gene-editing and modification. Discussions on the Food Basket program will be deepened, with Nigeria and Ethiopia identified as key areas of interest.

Bayer expressed interest in continuing efforts to improve corn seed availability in Ethiopia through mechanization and local seed grower support. Collaborative efforts will focus on regulatory harmonization and enabling policies to facilitate the movement of seeds and critical inputs across the continent.

This meeting marked a significant step towards fostering innovation and collaboration in Africa’s agricultural sector, paving the way for a more resilient and productive future.

Africa must take advantage of ‘smart’ fertilizer subsidy initiatives to fight hunger

Posted on by AGRA

Achieving goal number two of the Sustainable Development goals – Zero Hunger – is the biggest challenge for mankind in our day. Every other goal is hinged on the ability of the world to feed its people without leaving anyone behind. But this challenge is more pronounced in Africa than anywhere else. The question many researchers ask is: Can Africa feed itself? This question must be answered for us to even start talking about the SDGs.

 

Many research findings have concluded that it is possible for Africa to achieve self-sufficiency in food if its land resource is intensively farmed while stopping dependence on food imports. Africa’s potential to produce food remains largely untapped, as seen by the region’s relatively low yields compared to other regions with similar agro–ecological zones like South Asia. It is estimated that 800 million hectares of land in Sub-Saharan Africa are ideal for rain-fed agriculture. But despite this potential, Africa continues to struggle with an undernourished population that is projected to grow from 1.2 billion currently to about 1.8 billion in 2050. According to the Food Agriculture Organization, the prevalence of undernourishment on the continent went up from 17.6% in 2014 to 19.1% of the population in 2019. Of concern too, Africa is the only continent where agricultural productivity per capita has been falling over the last 30 years.

 

Truth, however, is that African countries require ample supply of affordable and nutritious food for their growing populations hence the reason why African agriculture must work. At the same time, agriculture is a major employer especially in rural areas where it accounts for up to 60 per cent of the job market. But land subdivision due to population pressure means that farms in many parts of Africa are too small for any meaningful agriculture, which compromises food security and household incomes in rural areas. In addition, the soil quality is low and infrastructure is generally poor, leading to high production and transportation costs and uncompetitive input and output markets. Means must, therefore, be found on how to provide affordable and nutritious food for the population in the rural and urban areas, calling for major transformation in the way agriculture is practiced.

 

One of the most negatively affected by the wanting conditions in Africa that are worsened by high poverty rates is fertiliser costs, crop-yield response to fertilisers, and fertilizer use profitability. Average fertilizer application rates in Africa range between 13 and 20 kg per hectare – well below the global average of 135 kg per hectare. African Heads of State have been concerned by the need to bridge this gap. The 2006 Abuja Declaration on Fertilizer for the African Green Revolution for instance identified the critical need to increase fertilizer use to stimulate agricultural productivity to end hunger and poverty in Africa. Again in 2014 during the 23rd Ordinary Session of the AU Assembly in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea, the Member States committed to inclusive agricultural transformation and also committed to the 2003 Maputo Declaration on implementing integrated and sustainable development in agriculture and water in Africa.

 

Most recently in 2022 at the African Union Fertilizer and Soil Health Summit in Nairobi, they adopted the 10-year Fertilizer and Soil Health Action Plan and the Soil Initiative for Africa Framework. Key among the commitments in the action plan was to expand domestic production and distribution of certified quality organic and inorganic fertilizers; to fully operationalize the Africa Fertilizer Financing Mechanism Action Plan; to formulate and implement policies and regulations to create a conducive environment for fertilizer and soil health interventions; and to develop and promote systemic national capacity building for locally relevant fertilizer and soil health management practices and technologies, among others.

One of the mechanisms African governments have responded to the problem of underuse of fertilisers is through “smart” Fertilizer Subsidy Programmes (FSPs) conceived in mid-2000s to promote fertilizer access and increase sustainable use without distorting nascent fertilizer markets.

FSPs seek to overcome flaws in food systems that limit fertilizer availability and access and thereby damage soil health and blunt food system performance. By reducing costs, boosting yields, and increasing fertilizer use efficiency, FSPs hope to promote innovations in food systems that raise farmer incomes, enhance livelihoods, and increase food security. Given their scale, FSPs have the potential to significantly impact the agricultural sector and wider macroeconomic conditions, including aggregate income growth, employment, exports and imports, and public debt and finances.

AGRA, between 2016 and 2017, undertook an assessment of marketing and distribution systems of fertilizer and farm inputs in 11 selected countries (Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda) resulting in the identification of several gaps and challenges. These included a lack of holistic integrated approaches aligned with broader agricultural sector goals and strategies, limited soil testing capacity and integrated soil health approaches, poor programme timing and inadequate stakeholder sensitization and inadequate fertilizer quality control and inspection. Other challenges included flawed beneficiary targeting, registration, and management, poorly implemented transfer mechanisms, inadequate monitoring and evaluation (M&E) systems and elite capture, corruption, and politicization.

AGRA gave both short-term and medium-term recommendations for improving the enabling environment for implementation of FSPs. Among short-term recommendations was the need to ensure timely distribution of subsidized fertilizers, to increase quality and rigor of beneficiary targeting, registration, and management systems, leveraging digital platforms and mobile applications in gender-sensitive approaches and to strengthen graduation and exit strategy design and execution. Over and above this, AGRA recommended the need to integrate fertilizer subsidies with complementary inputs and interventions for soil health improvement, enhance and expand e-voucher systems and reduction of bureaucratic hurdles as well as enhancing transparency and efficiency in fertilizer importation among others.

For the medium-term actions ranging between three to five years, AGRA’s recommendations included the need to terminate all universal FSPs and replace them with targeted ones; invest in infrastructure and capacity building to scale up soil testing; scale up domestic fertilizer manufacturing and blending capacity and to strengthen quality control measures for subsidized fertilizers. AGRA also recommended the establishment of accreditation mechanisms for input retailers, increasing quality, rigor, and coverage of M&E systems, deploying digital tools in regular assessments and combating elite capture, corruption, and politicization through transparent procurement processes and robust oversight.

It is AGRA’s hope that governments and the private sector will embrace the above recommendations to boost efforts to ensure Africa gets closer to the “zero hunger’ target in the near future. AGRA is also excited by the commitment of the African Heads of State during the Nairobi summit to triple domestic production and distribution of certified quality organic and inorganic fertilizers by 2034 to improve access and affordability and to finance and promote youth-led initiatives oriented towards production and distribution of fertilisers. If this is well executed, in addition to all other measures being taken to promote food production, we can stand in hope for a continent that feeds herself and the world.